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bicycle trips: Bike trips have the advantage of being independent of site-based fees or permit requirements: if you're on your bike and you don't like the regulations at a certain site, you've got the ability to move on. The disadvantage for bicyclists, however, comes in when you consider the necessity for regular equipment maintenance and repair. If you carry a pump, a patch kit, and appropriate tools with you, you eliminate many of the major maintenance costs you'll face, but there's still the question of major repairs and accidents to deal with if need be. Another major factor for bicyclists is lodging. Although it's certainly possible–and enjoyable–to carry a tent and sleeping bag with you on a bike trip and make your own lodgings along the way, not everyone is comfortable with not knowing where they're going to sleep on a particular night, and the prospect of carrying a lot of heavy equipment on the back of a bike gives some people pause. If this is you, you'll want to factor lodgings into your budgetary equation for bike travel. In Europe, lodgings are a much easier matter to deal with: hostels are cheap and plentiful, usually spaced a short day's ride or a long day's walk apart. In many cases, you can also trade work for the price of lodging, which gives you some fascinating stories and experiences while keeping your budget low. If you're biking through America or through another country with less of an established network for day travelers, you face a more difficult situation: although hostels can be found in America, they're usually restricted to major urban areas and often impractical as a primary source of shelter for traveling bicyclists. So expect to budget more for nightly lodgings on an extended bicycle trip. A cheap motel will run you around thirty to forty dollars a night, and bed and breakfasts, if you can find them, will often charge the same or slightly more (albeit with a friendlier atmosphere and a meal included.) And as with all adventure travel, plan to pay travel costs if your destination is fairly far away from your home city. You'll also have to consider the costs of transporting your bike, which can be considerable and which can restrict you from the more convenient forms of international travel. It might be a worthwhile option to rent a bike at your destination rather than trying to transport your own, but if you choose to do this, remember to budget the daily cost of rental–and remember to plan your itinerary to bring you back to the rental shop when your trip is done.
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BICYCLE TRIPS: For some people, the leisurely pace of hiking or the mostly sedentary experience of camping just isn't enough to satisfy the adventuring urge. If you're this type of person, what you're interested in more than anything else is motion–and not just motion in the sense of a car or train trip, but motion in the sense of reasonably fast-paced, human-powered travel that gives you the best of both worlds: the intimate connection to your surroundings that you get from a hiking tour, but the intense exercise and ability to cover distances that only a vehicle can provide. Bicycle travel is cheap, enjoyable, and healthy. What's more, the variety of bicycle trails and roadways available in the United States and Europe gives you an excellent range of possible trips, with plenty of opportunities along the way for sightseeing and exploring when the road becomes tiresome. Sound appealing? Then a good bicycle trip may be for you. Before you get on your bike and start pedalling, though, it's important to do some prep work. First, and most importantly, you'll need a bicycle and appropriate gear for the trip. If you've done a great deal of bicycle traveling in the past, you probably have the first part covered. If not, you'll need to invest some money either in a bike of your own or in an excellent rental. Your budgetary possibilities will determine which option is right for you. For extended travel, you don't want to use a bike that costs less than $100 in a store: anything less, and you can't be sure of the bike's reliability over extremely long distances or through rough terrain. If that isn't a reasonable price range, consider a good rental from a reliable establishment–and remember that with a rental, you'll need to return the bike by a certain date, so make sure your travel plans take this into account. In addition to a bike, you'll need appropriate gear. At a bare minimum, you'll need supplies to repair your bike in the event of an accident or in case of regular wear and tear. Get a good bike pump with a tire pressure gauge, a patch kit, and any wrenches or tools you'll need in order to take wheels off or adjust spokes in rough conditions. This may cause a slight hit to your budget right at the start of the trip, but if your tire gets damaged on a remote road in the Scottish Highlands or in the middle of a trail running through a national forest, you'll be glad you thought ahead. Beyond bike repair tools, you'll need the usual adventure travel equipment: food, fresh water, and whatever gear will help get you through a night outside of any town. Ideally, your route will be well-planned or well-travelled enough to allow you to go seamlessly from stop to stop every day without leaving you stranded outside of civilization for long (unless that's what you're interested in), but in the event of a crisis, it's better to be prepared than not to be. For more information about general gear for adventure travel, take a look at the in-depth treatment in the next chapter.
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Good footwear: Good footwear usually means hiking boots. On a hiking trip, you'll very likely be on your feet for six to eight hours a day: take this into account, and buy boots that are durable, ideally waterproof, and above all comfortable. If you can't afford or aren't interested in buying or borrowing hiking boots, you can probably make do with tennis shoes, assuming that they aren't too old or beaten-up. If you do have to go the tennis shoe route, be sure that you've got good tread and above-average laces: after the first rainstorm, the condition of your laces will go down precipitously, and you don't want to be unable to tie your shoes when you're trusting yourself to your feet for the better part of a day. Rain gear: Rain gear usually means a poncho. Ponchos are lightweight, highly portable, don't take up much space, and provide you with excellent protection from the rain when you need it. In addition, they're less expensive than a good jacket, which means that you don't need to worry nearly as much about the inevitable wear and tear that'll happen to your rain gear as soon as a storm rolls around. One caveat with ponchos: test them out before you start on your trip. Ponchos are usually cheaply-made, and in some cases this means that the dye used to color a poncho will run off at the first sign of rain. So if you don't want all of your belongings and skin to be dyed a bright hunter's orange, make sure that your poncho is of fairly good quality before you start. Socks: Socks always means at least two times as many pairs as you think you'll need. Your socks aren't only a good way to keep warm and blister-free when you're walking, but they're also a good way to keep dry, which is often more important. If you don't pack enough socks and you end up having to walk for a full day in wet socks, you'll find the condition of your feet getting steadily worse, and you'll find yourself much less willing to face the trail the following day. At worst, you might find yourself unable to continue. So pack plenty of warm socks: you might be tempted to grumble at the space they take up, but you certainly won't regret having them along. And remember that whatever clothing you start out with on your trip, you'll more than likely have with you when you finish your trip–whatever its condition. So plan in advance what you intend to do with your dirty laundry when you're on the trail. Laundry bags are often a good idea, but if you're stuck in a tight situation, a good garbage bag works just as well.
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clothing: The well-dressed traveler is not the most stylish traveler, but the most practically-outfitted traveler. This is especially crucial to remember when it comes to packing: clothes are notoriously bulky, and unlike other bulky supplies like water and food, you usually can't discard clothes as you go to lighten your load. So pack intelligently, pack adequately, and above all, pack with one eye firmly on your situation and its specific needs. outdoor clothing: When it comes to outdoor clothing, the name of the game is weather. Based on your pre-travel research into destinations, you should have a rough idea of the kind of climate you can expect on your trip: bear it in mind. If you're on a long summer hike, load up on shorts, clean T-shirts, and a good hat to keep the sun out of your eyes. If you're planning a winter camping excursion, go heavy on sweaters, jackets, and winter-appropriate gear like warm hats, scarves, and gloves. Whatever your weather situation, there are three things you absolutely can't neglect: good footwear, rain gear, and socks.
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Water: Another vital piece of equipment even for short hikes is water, and plenty of it. According to research, the human body requires about three liters of water per day in order to function, and although you can skimp on this figure when you're at home, you'll want to keep yourself well-hydrated when you're spending the day in what amounts to constant light exercise. Carry a canteen or a water bottle (or three) at all times and make use of it at regular intervals, at least once every two hours. Dehydration has a nasty habit of sneaking up on novice hikers, and it's important to drink before you feel thirsty in order to prevent problems. You'll also want to keep your water bottles refilled, which can present problems if your destination isn't the sort to feature regular water fountains or convenience stores. The easiest solution is to ensure that your trail takes you close to natural sources of water like rivers, lakes, or springs as often as possible. Since most of the water you find in nature isn't pure enough to drink, you'll also want to carry a means of purifying water with you at all times. Iodine tablets are a classic solution, and a cheap one: for around six dollars a bottle, you can buy fifty iodine tablets, two to four of which will purify a liter of water for drinking. Allow the iodine to settle for about fifteen minutes before taking a drink. Of course, iodine tablets can become impractical if you're taking an extremely long hike, and they also create a sometimes unpleasant aftertaste in your drinking water. If these are major problems for you, then you might also purchase a portable water filter. These are significantly more expensive than iodine tablets at anywhere from thirty to one hundred dollars for a filter, but they have the advantage of being compact, reusable (with replacement filters, most of which will cost you less than ten dollars for about 3,000 liters worth of purification), and full effective at ridding your drinking water of microorganisms and other unpleasant substances. The cheapest option, of course, is to simply boil all of your water before storing it or drinking it. This option has obvious disadvantages, since you'll need to carry a cooking pot with you and start a fire whenever you want to refill your bottles for the next leg of the hike. But it's effective, and if you can't find iodine tablets or a water filter that you like–or if you simply don't want to spend the money or the backpack space on these things–it can be a viable solution, albeit a sometimes impractical one.
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If you have the know-how, the simplest method for heating your food when you're outdoors is to take advantage of existing fire pits. Nearly all campsites based in national parks have fire pits already laid out, and a good number of private campsites can say the same. If your campsite has a pre-existing fire pit, all you'll need to do to start a fire is to find appropriate kindling and dry wood, arrange them tipi-style (kindling underneath the larger logs), and light the structure. Of course, finding dry wood is more of an issue if it's rained recently in your area or if you're not camping in an area with plenty of trees. If this is the case, consider bringing along a small supply of dry firewood to save yourself some trouble later on. If it isn't the case, make sure you keep your existing firewood dry using a tarp, plastic sheeting, or other protective measures. If your campsite doesn't have a pre-existing fire pit, you'll need to build one. This is also a fairly simple matter: just clear all brush, twigs, and other flammable material out of an area, surround it with a good barrier against the wind (rocks are the most popular, but you could also use some of your supply of dry firewood in a pinch), and build your fire normally. As long as your fire can't spread too easily, and as long as it's protected from the wind, your makeshift fire pit will be perfectly usable for a number of cooking fires in a given location. Just remember to always put the fire out completely and to stir the ashes in order to prevent flare-ups in the night or at other inopportune times. Of course, building a fire can be time-consuming work, and if you don't have the know-how, it may not be the most attractive option for you. Depending on how much space you have available–and on how willing you are to carry equipment down the length of a trail–you may want to consider acquiring a propane camping stove. Propane stoves are fairly cheap with prices ranging from around twenty to around fifty dollars, and they're extremely easy to use even in bad weather. The downside, of course, is that you'll have to carry a bulky piece of equipment with you, as well as a propane canister for fuel. But if you don't want to build a fire, or if you're traveling in an area where weather conditions are likely to prevent most other forms of cooking, a propane stove is a decent solution.
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Inflatable camping mattresses are certainly comfortable, but they can cause logistical problems due to the high amount of space they take up and the bulky pump you're often obliged to carry. At around thirty dollars, air mattresses aren't the most expensive of options, but their disadvantages in terms of space and weight make them impractical for anything but a camping trip with a bare minimum of hiking or other travel. Cots have similar disadvantages: they're just too bulky for any kind of hiking trip, and they're also more expensive than inflatable mattresses at around forty to sixty dollars for a good-quality piece of equipment. Again, reserve cot use for camping trips with ready access to a car. If this is the kind of trip you normally take, however, a cot can be a very good option: they keep you off of the rough ground, provide you with a great deal of comfort, and can easily be re-used for trip after trip. Probably your best options for hiking or biking trips–or for any outdoor trip that involves you carrying your own equipment for some distance–is either a self-inflating mattress or a foam sleeping pad. The former option is about as expensive as a traditional air mattress at about twenty or thirty dollars, but it does save you some needed space, and it provides you with adequate comfort. Foam sleeping pads, however, have the dual advantages of being extremely lightweight and extremely cheap, while still providing a weary traveler with some relief from rough or wet ground. Their one disadvantage is bulk, but with a good backpack and some packing ingenuity, you should be able to use a foam sleeping pad comfortably for years to come. Finally, one often-neglected item bears mentioning: a pillow. In a tight spot, you can simply use your backpack or a wadded up piece of clothing as a pillow, but this isn't going to be particularly comfortable (especially if you ignored our advice in the previous section and stuffed your backpack full of canned food!) A good pillow has serious disadvantages in terms of space, however, and may be impractical for long treks. The final decision is up to you, but remember that whatever you choose, you're going to need to provide some support for your head and neck while you're sleeping outdoors, and a pillow is easily a more attractive option than an old sweatshirt or a bag full of cookware.
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